Fixed Gear Bike History

A fixed gear bike, or “fixie,” is a bicycle in which the sprocket is directly attached to the hub with no freewheel mechanism. This means that the fixie cannot coast, as when the bike is in motion, the pedals are always in motion. This unique feature allows a cyclist to stop the bike without the use of brakes, as the pedals always turn in the same direction as the rear wheel. The fixed gear also allows a rider to ride in reverse. Most fixed gear bikes have only one gear ratio.

A fixed gear bike is defined as any bicycle without a freewheel. Therefore, a fixed gear bike can be any type of bicycle. One of the most common is the track bicycle, a bicycle used for racing inside of a velodrome or an outdoor racing track. Fixed gears were also used by road cyclists for training during the winter using a low gear ratio, which is believed to help develop a better style of pedaling. Fixies were also commonly used in the 1950′s in the UK for time trials. The fixed gear bike has gained immense popularity in urban North America in the 2000′s, which has been credited to bike messengers. Fixed gear bikes are also used in cycle ball, bike polo, and artistic cycling. A fixie is also very suitable for doing track stands, which is a maneuver in which the bicycle is held stationary and balanced upright with the rider’s feet holding the pedals in place.

Most fixed gear bikes are single-speed, but not always. Multi-speed hub gears have been produced in the past by Sturmey Archer, the model ASC, which enabled the rider to switch gears while driving. Sturmey Archer’s successor company, SunRace Sturmey-Archer, is planning on producing a modern version of the ASC, called the S3X. Another alternative is sprockets on both sides of the wheel, allowing the rider to change gears by flipping the wheel. Both sides may have a fixed gear on each side, called double-fixed, or one side may have a fixed hub and the other a freewheel hub, called a flip-flop hub. Yet another alternative is to use two chain rings and two sprockets, which lets the rider choose between two different gear ratios simply by loosening the wheel and tightening it again.

Cyclists use fixed gear bikes for many reasons, some of which include its light weight, low maintenance, and down-right simplicity. Some people just find it more enjoyable to ride a fixed gear bike than the freewheel counterpart. Some cyclists prefer a fixie in slippery riding conditions because the transmission provides feedback on the grip of the back tire. Descending using a fixed gear bike is more difficult, as the rider must pedal at very fast speeds, up to 170 rpm. This enforced spin in the cranks is said to increase “souplesse,” which is a French word meaning suppleness or flexibility. Riding a fixed gear bike is considered to help encourage a more efficient pedaling style, which would help out a great deal when the rider goes back to riding a freewheel bicycle. The challenge when getting used to riding a fixie is the novice rider’s tendency to coast when riding, which can lead to loss of control on a fixie. Also, taking corners with speed can be dangerous, as the pedals cannot be aligned to allow space for the turn as can be done when riding freewheel.

Most fixed gear bikes do not feature brakes, as some riders find that they are not necessary. In fact, riding without brakes has developed an almost cult status in certain places. This is due to the perception by some riders that brakes are not needed when riding with intense concentration. Riding without brakes, however, is against the law in most places. Just because a fixie doesn’t have brakes doesn’t mean it can’t still stop. The fixed gear bike can be slowed down by resisting the cranks while turning. Braking in this manner, however, can be very hard on the knees and can even lead to injury. Another stopping method is to lock the rear wheel and skid, which is done by the rider putting his weight slightly forward, taking the weight off of the rear wheel, and pulling up on the pedals.

History of Fixed Gear Bikes (Fixies)

Fixed gear bicycles have become the ultimate item in urban chique. Messengers glide effortlessly in and out of traffic in a show of defiance and freedom among lines of cars chained to the grind of the daily commute. Fixie bikes are simple and elegant, with clean lines and a genuine beauty which springs from their lack of complexity, stripped to the bare requirements of pedaling, steering and rolling. And they are becoming more popular as more people discover the joy of riding single speed and fixed gear.

Single speed riding requires a different kind of approach. The fixed gear does not allow you to coast. In fact, going downhill can be hard work. The cog on the rear wheel is bolted directly the hub so that your pedals must go at the same speed as your rear wheel. This also means your pedals can be used to slow down the bike, and the ability to pedal backwards make the impressive track stand you sometimes see messengers doing when the traffic lights are red.

But where did the fixie come from? Some of the first bikes ever were fixed gears – look at the Penny Farthing, and you will see that the pedal cranks are connected directly to the hub of the front wheel. Before the advent of the derailleur, which allowed bicycles to have gears, single speed bikes were the only race bike available. And they were big news in the sporting world. In 1876, Madison Square Garden was built to accommodate a velodrome racing track. Bike racing on the original fixed gear track bikes attracted huge crowds and turned bike racers in to stars. In fact, bike racers back in those days could earn almost $150,000 per year compared with a tradesman’s salary of around $5,000. One of the best known events in the sport of track racing was the hour record where world riders would pit themselves against the clock in an attempt to ride as far as they possibly could in an hour. Some of the greats of the sport have held the hour record, including Francesco Moser, Eddy Merckx and Miguel Indurain. Graeme Obree successful record attempt on a homemade fixie, partly made from old washing machine parts, was made the subject of the movie “The Flying Scotsman”.

The halcyon days of track racing in the U.S. are perhaps behind us, although the sport has enjoyed a resurgence of interest as an Olympic sport, and more nations are putting resources into track racing. But the legacy of the fixed gear bike is alive and well.

Some of the features of those old track bikes, you might think, make the fixie less than ideal for riding in an urban setting, as opposed to riding indoors on a banked track, with no traffic or pedestrians to contend with. Others disagree. Fixie riders who ride without brakes have to anticipate their next move much further in advance than their free-wheeling colleagues. Fixie riders talk of the feeling of Zen-like peace and flow as they become as one with their bike, flowing through the streets and cars of downtown. Others compare riding their fixie to a game of chess, anticipating the movement of the traffic as a chess player would anticipate the moves of his opponent, and reacting accordingly. In any event, the history and the evolution of the fixie has moved on to accommodate the needs of every rider, and in particular the urban rider.

Fixie bikes are probably best known for their uniqueness and variety. You will see track bicycles in the city with their dropped handlebars, but you will also see machines with flat handlebars, bikes with brakes and bikes without brakes. Experience fixed gear riding for yourself – it really is an entirely different style of riding and transport that allows you to feel very connected to your bike. Whether you choose a track bike or an urban machine, you too can get the feel of cycling on one of the oldest and best established types of bicycle – a form of cycling that is as enjoyable today as it ever was.